The Dynamic Force engines are a family of

petrol engine A petrol engine (gasoline engine in American English) is an internal combustion engine designed to run on petrol (gasoline). Petrol engines can often be adapted to also run on fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas and ethanol blends (such as ''E ...

series developed by

Toyota is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on . Toyota is one of the largest automobile manufacturers in the world, producing about 10 ...

under the brand's New Global Architecture (TNGA) strategy. The engines were developed alongside the TNGA family of vehicle platforms, as part of a company-wide effort to simplify the vehicles being produced by Toyota. The engine is used in various

and

Lexus is the luxury vehicle division of the Japanese automaker Toyota. The Lexus brand is marketed in more than 90 countries and territories worldwide and is Japan's largest-selling make of premium cars. It has ranked among the 10 largest Japanese ...

models starting with the

four-cylinder The engine configuration describes the fundamental operating principles by which internal combustion engines are categorized. Piston engines are often categorized by their cylinder layout, valves and camshafts. Wankel engines are often categorize ...

''A25A'' type installed in XV70 series Camry in June 2017. __TOC__

Overview

The engine was developed as an engine that is claimed to achieve both driving performance and environmental performance while pursuing high efficiency and low fuel consumption as well as having a "direct feeling, smooth and pleasant acceleration performance". Specifically, the cylinder head and intake port design improves the tumble flow (longitudinal vortex) to increase the

air intake An intake (also inlet) is an opening, structure or system through which a fluid is admitted to a space or machine as a consequence of a pressure differential between the outside and the inside. The pressure difference may be generated on the ins ...

volume–the majority of intake flow is across that portion of the valve closest to cylinder centreline. Other methods include: * Expansion of the valve clamping angle. The angle between intake and exhaust valve centreline is 41 degrees–the previous design was 31 degrees. * Hydraulic variable valve timing on both intake and exhaust camshafts. * Very high compression-moderated

Atkinson cycle The Atkinson-cycle engine is a type of internal combustion engine invented by James Atkinson in 1882. The Atkinson cycle is designed to provide efficiency at the expense of power density. A variation of this approach is used in some modern auto ...

engine. * Longer stroke to bore ratio (under-square design). * Change of port end shape and expansion of seat inner diameter. * Application of updated D-4S (multi-hole injector) system to achieve "high-speed combustion", resulting in

thermal efficiency In thermodynamics, the thermal efficiency (\eta_) is a dimensionless performance measure of a device that uses thermal energy, such as an internal combustion engine, steam turbine, steam engine, boiler, furnace, refrigerator, ACs etc. For a he ...

over 40%. * Cylinder centreline is offset from crankshaft centreline, meaning that piston top dead center is always equivalent to several degrees of crankshaft rotation. In development and production of the engine, Toyota claims it would be a "completely new engine design based on the TNGA strategy". Previously, Toyota offered about 800 engine variants, most of which would be replaced with a much simpler lineup of 17 versions of nine Dynamic Force engines. Toyota is also simplifying its lineup of transmissions, hybrid systems, and all-wheel drive systems. Starting with the four-cylinder ''A25A'' type installed in XV70 series Camry in June 2017, the V6 ''V35A'' and four-cylinder ''M20A'' types had also appeared. On 16 October 2019, the three-cylinder ''M15A'' type, which would be installed in the XP210 series Yaris (specifically designed for Japan, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand), was officially announced. On 12 June 2021, the first

turbocharged In an internal combustion engine, a turbocharger (often called a turbo) is a forced induction device that is powered by the flow of exhaust gases. It uses this energy to compress the intake gas, forcing more air into the engine in order to pro ...

four-cylinder model, named ''T24A'', was introduced for the AZ20 series Lexus NX. The Dynamic Force engines introduced an updated nomenclature system for Toyota engines and no longer employ the traditional iteration or generation of the engine followed by the one letter or two letter designation for the engine family (such as ''5M-GE'' or ''4GR-FE'' being from the M and GR engine families respectively) and instead incorporate the engine's displacement in between a two letter code such as the ''M20A'', with the "20" denoting a 2.0-litre engine.

Common key technologies

* High speed combustion technologies: ** Long stroke (stroke/bore ≒ 1.2) ** Wider angle between the intake and exhaust valve ** High efficiency intake port with laser cladded valve seat ** High

compression ratio The compression ratio is the ratio between the volume of the cylinder and combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine at their maximum and minimum values. A fundamental specification for such engines, it is measured two ways: the stati ...

up to 14.0:1 ** High energy ignition coil ** Updated D-4S system ** Multi-hole direct injector * Variable cooling system: ** Motor driven water pump ** Heated thermostat * Continuous variable-capacity oil pump * Low viscosity engine oil * Water jacket spacer * Piston with laser pit skirt * Drilled passage between cylinder bores *

VVT-iE VVT-i, or Variable Valve Timing with intelligence, is an automobile variable valve timing technology developed by Toyota. It was first introduced in 1995 with the '' 2JZ-GE'' engine found in the JZS155 Toyota Crown and Crown Majesta. The VVT- ...

* Small-concave-profile camshaft * Compact HLA * High strength connecting rod * High response intake air control * Fuel injection control (multi-injection) * Cylinder heads with built-in EGR cooler function * Updated catalyst * Change of exhaust manifold layout * Piston oil jet control

M15 family

The M15 engine family is a straight-three engine series that was first introduced in 2019 for the XP210 series Yaris.

M15A-FKS

The standard version with 13.0:1 compression ratio achieves 40% thermal efficiency. Applications (calendar years): * 2020–present Yaris (MXPA10/11/15) * 2020–present GR Yaris RS (MXPA12) * 2020–present Yaris Cross (MXPB10/15) * 2020–present Corolla (MZEA11/17) * 2022–present Sienta (MXPC10)

M15A-FXE

The hybrid version with 14.0:1 compression ratio achieves 41% thermal efficiency. Applications (calendar years): * 2020–present Yaris Hybrid/2022–present Mazda2 Hybrid (MXPH10/11/15) * 2020–present Yaris Cross Hybrid (MXPJ10/15) * 2021–present

Aqua Aqua is the Latin word for water. It is used in many words which relate to water, such as aquatic life. In English, it may also refer to: Arts * Aqua (color), a greenish-blue color Business * Aqua (skyscraper), an 82-story residential skysc ...

(MXPK10/11/15/16) * 2022–present Sienta Hybrid (MXPL10/15)

M15B-FKS

Localized M15 series engine for China, manufactured by FTCE (FAW Toyota Changchun Engine Co., Ltd.).

M15C-FKS

Localized M15 series engine for China, manufactured by GTE (Guangqi Toyota Engine Co., Ltd.).

M15D-FXE

The hybrid version produced in Jigani, Bangalore, India by Toyota Industries Engine India (TIEI). Applications (calendar years): * 2022–present Urban Cruiser Hyryder Hybrid/ Suzuki Grand Vitara Hybrid

M20 family

The M20 engine family is a straight-four engine series that was first introduced in 2018 for the E210 series Corolla.

M20A-FKS

The standard version with 13.0:1 compression ratio achieves 40% thermal efficiency. Applications (calendar years): * 2018–present Corolla/2018–2020 Auris/2021 Allion/ Levin GT (MZEA12) * 2018–present C-HR/ IZOA (MAXA10) * 2018–present RAV4/2020–present Wildlander (MXAA52/54) * 2018–present Lexus UX 200 (MZAA10) * 2019–present

Camry The Toyota Camry (; Japanese: トヨタ・カムリ ''Toyota Kamuri'') is an automobile sold internationally by the Japanese auto manufacturer Toyota since 1982, spanning multiple generations. Originally compact in size (narrow-body), the Camry ...

(MXVA71) * 2019–present

Avalon Avalon (; la, Insula Avallonis; cy, Ynys Afallon, Ynys Afallach; kw, Enys Avalow; literally meaning "the isle of fruit r appletrees"; also written ''Avallon'' or ''Avilion'' among various other spellings) is a mythical island featured in the ...

(MXXA50) * 2020–present Lexus ES 200 (MXZA10) * 2020–present Harrier/2022–present Venza (MXUA80/85) * 2021–present

Corolla Cross The is a compact crossover SUV (C-segment) produced by the Japanese automaker Toyota since 2020. Adopting the Corolla nameplate, it is positioned as a more practical and larger alternative to the C-HR and built on the same TNGA-C (GA-C) platf ...

(MXGA10/15) * 2022–present

Noah Noah ''Nukh''; am, ኖህ, ''Noḥ''; ar, نُوح '; grc, Νῶε ''Nôe'' () is the tenth and last of the pre-Flood patriarchs in the traditions of Abrahamic religions. His story appears in the Hebrew Bible (Book of Genesis, chapters 5– ...

/ Voxy/

Suzuki Landy The is an automobile nameplate used by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Suzuki since 1999 for several minivan models: * Suzuki Every Landy, a passenger minivan based on the tenth-generation Carry/fourth-generation Every sold between 1999 ...

(MZRA90/95) * 2022–present Innova/ Kijang Innova Zenix (MAGA10)

M20A-FKB

The

flex fuel A flexible-fuel vehicle (FFV) or dual-fuel vehicle (colloquially called a flex-fuel vehicle) is an alternative fuel vehicle with an internal combustion engine designed to run on more than one fuel, usually gasoline blended with either ethanol or ...

E85 E85 is an abbreviation typically referring to an ethanol fuel blend of 85% ethanol fuel and 15% gasoline or other hydrocarbon by volume. In the United States, the exact ratio of fuel ethanol to hydrocarbon may vary according to ASTM 5798 that ...

version with 13.0:1 compression ratio ethanol fuel capable. Applications (calendar years): * 2020–present Corolla (MZEA12) * 2021–present

(MXGA10)

M20A-FXS

The hybrid version with 14.0:1 compression ratio achieves 41% thermal efficiency. Applications (calendar years): * 2018–present Corolla Hybrid (MZEH12) * 2018–present Lexus UX 250h/260h (MZAH10/15) * 2020–present C-HR Hybrid (MAXH10) * 2022–present Corolla Cross Hybrid (MXGH10/15) * 2022–present

Prius The is a car built by Toyota which has a hybrid drivetrain, combining an internal combustion engine with an electric motor. Initially offered as a four-door sedan, it has been produced only as a five-door liftback since 2003. In 2007, th ...

(MXWH60/65) * 2022–present Innova Hybrid/ Kijang Innova Zenix Hybrid (MAGH10)

M20B-FXS

Version used only in China which is largely identical to the ''M20A-FXS'' engine.

M20C-FKS

Localized M20 series engine for China, manufactured by GTE (Guangqi Toyota Engine Co., Ltd.).

M20D-FKS

Localized M20 series engine for China, manufactured by FTCE (FAW Toyota Changchun Engine Co., Ltd.).

M20E-FKS

Localized M20 series engine for China, manufactured by FTCE (FAW Toyota Changchun Engine Co., Ltd.).

M20F-FKS

Localized M20 series engine for China, manufactured by GTE (Guangqi Toyota Engine Co., Ltd.).

A25 family

The A25 engine family is a straight-four engine series that was first introduced in 2017 for the XV70 series Camry.

A25A-FKS

The standard version with 13.0:1 compression ratio achieves 40% thermal efficiency. Applications (calendar years): * 2017–present

(AXVA70/75) * 2018–present RAV4 (AXAA52/54) * 2018–present Lexus ES 250/260 (AXZA10/15) * 2018–present

(AXXA50/55) * 2021–present Lexus NX 250/260 (AAZA20/25)

A25A-FKB

Version used in Thailand with

ethanol fuel capable. Applications (calendar years): * 2018–present

(AXVA70)

A25A-FXS

The hybrid version with 14.0:1 compression ratio achieves 41% thermal efficiency. Applications (calendar years): * 2017–present Camry Hybrid/

Daihatsu Altis The Toyota Camry (; Japanese: トヨタ・カムリ ''Toyota Kamuri'') is an automobile sold internationally by the Japanese auto manufacturer Toyota since 1982, spanning multiple generations. Originally compact in size (narrow-body), the Camry ...

(AXVH70/75) * 2018–present Avalon Hybrid (AXXH50) * 2018–present RAV4 Hybrid (AXAH52/54) * 2018–present Lexus ES 300h (AXZH10/11) * 2018–2022 Crown Hybrid (AZSH20/21) * 2022–present Crown Crossover Hybrid (AZSH35) * 2019–present Highlander Hybrid/2021–present Kluger Hybrid (AXUH70/78) * 2020–present RAV4/Wildlander Plug-in Hybrid/Prime/ Suzuki Across (AXAP54) * 2020–present Harrier Hybrid/ Venza (AXUH80/85) * 2020–present Sienna/Granvia (AXLH40/45) * 2021–present Lexus NX 350h (AAZH20/25) * 2021–present Lexus NX 400h+/450h+ (AAZH26) * 2022–present Lexus RX 350h * 2022–present Lexus RX 450h+ (AALH16)

A25B-FXS

Version used only in China which is largely identical to the ''A25A-FXS'' engine. Applications (calendar years): * 2018–present Lexus ES 300h (China) (AXZH10) * 2019–present RAV4 Hybrid (China)/2020–present Wildlander Hybrid (AXAH52/54) * 2021–present Highlander Hybrid (China)/ Crown Kluger Hybrid (AXUH70/78) * 2022–present Lexus NX 350h (China) (AAZH20) * 2022–present Lexus NX 400h+ (AAZH21)

A25D-FXS

Localized A25 series engine for China, manufactured by GTE(Guangqi Toyota Engine Co., Ltd.).

A25F-FXS

Localized A25 series engine for China, manufactured by FTCE(FAW Toyota Changchun Engine Co., Ltd.).

T24A

The T24A engine is a straight-four engine series that was first introduced in 2021 for the AZ20 series Lexus NX.

T24A-FTS

The turbocharged version. A hybridised version (marketed as "Dual Boost Hybrid System" in Japan and "Hybrid Max" in North America) is also available with the same engine designation as the regular variant. Applications (calendar years): * 2021–present Lexus NX 350 (TAZA25) * 2022–present Highlander/ Kluger (TXUA70/75) * 2022–present Lexus RX 350 (TALA10/15) * 2022–present Lexus RX 500h (TALH17) * 2022–present Crown Crossover Turbo Hybrid (TZSH35)

V35A

The V35A engine is a V6 engine series that was first introduced in 2017 for the XF50 series Lexus LS. Despite its "35" nomenclature and being advertised as a 3.5-litre engine, its actual displacement is 3.4 litres (3,444 cc).

V35A-FTS

The

twin-turbocharged Twin-turbo (not to be confused with a twincharger setup, which is a combination of a supercharger and a turbocharger) refers to an engine in which two turbochargers work in tandem to compress the intake fuel/air mixture (or intake air, in the case ...

version with 10.5:1 compression ratio. Pumping losses have been reduced by electrification of the waste gate of the twin turbo system. The engine achieves 37% thermal efficiency. A hybridised version (marketed as "i-Force Max" in North America) is also available with the same engine designation as the regular variant. The hybridised version was named

Ward's Ward's is an American organization that has covered the automotive industry for over 80 years. The organization is responsible for several publications including, ''Ward's AutoWorld'', and ''Ward's Dealer Business''. Ward's also publish the an ...

World's 10 Best Engines list in 2022. Applications (calendar years): * 2017–present Lexus LS 500 (VXFA50/55) * 2021–present Land Cruiser (VJA300) * 2021–present

Tundra In physical geography, tundra () is a type of biome where tree growth is hindered by frigid temperatures and short growing seasons. The term ''tundra'' comes through Russian (') from the Kildin Sámi word (') meaning "uplands", "treeless moun ...

(VXKA70/71/72/75/76/77) * 2021–present Tundra Hybrid (VXKH70/71/75/76) * 2021–present Lexus LX 600 (VJA310) * 2022–present Sequoia Hybrid (VXKH80/85)

References

{{Commons category